Diabetes & Metabolism Journal

Original Articles

Low Levels of Physical Activity Are Associated with Increased Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors in Korean Adults: Dong Hoon Lee, Yoon Myung Kim, Yoonsuk Jekal, Sukyung Park, Kyong-Chol Kim, Masayo Naruse, Sun Hyun Kim, Sang-Hwan Kim, Ji-Hye Park, Mi Kyung Lee, Sang Hui Chu, Justin Y. Jeon; Diabetes Metab J. 2013;37(2):132-139. Published online April 16, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2013.37.2.132

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Background

Low levels of physical activity (PA) are strongly associated with the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and chronic diseases. However, few studies have examined this association in Koreans. The primary purpose of this study was to examine the associations between PA and MetS risks in Korean adults.

Methods

A total of 1,016 Korean adults (494 males and 522 females) participated in this study. PA levels were assessed using the International PA Questionnaire. MetS risk factors were determined using clinically established diagnostic criteria.

Results

Compared with the highest PA group, the group with the lowest level of PA was at greater risk of high triglyceride (TG) in males (odds ratio [OR], 1.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07 to 3.24) and of hemoglobin A1c ≥5.5% in females (OR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.00 to 3.04) after adjusting for age and body mass index. Compared with subjects who met the PA guidelines, those who did not meet the guidelines were more likely to have low high density lipoprotein cholesterol in both males (OR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.11 to 2.58), and females (OR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.20 to 2.77). Furthermore, those who did not meet the PA guidelines were at increased risk of high TG levels in males (OR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.23 to 2.86) and abnormal fasting glucose (OR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.17 to 3.20) and MetS (OR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.15 to 3.84) in females.

Conclusion

Increased levels of PA are significantly associated with a decreased risk of abnormal MetS components.

Citations

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Associations between Fatness, Fitness, IGF and IMT among Obese Korean Male Adolescents: Eun Sung Kim, Ji-Hye Park, Mi Kyung Lee, Dong Hoon Lee, Eun Seok Kang, Hyun Chul Lee, Yoonsuk Jekal, Justin Y. Jeon; Diabetes Metab J. 2011;35(6):610-618. Published online December 26, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2011.35.6.610

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Abstract PDF PubReader

Background

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between obesity, fitness levels and cardiovascular (CVD) risk factors, and to identify the correlation between of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), and carotid intima media thickness (IMT) in Korean adolescents.

Methods

A total of 225 high school males with a mean age of 16.96±0.23 years participated in this study, and their fatness and fitness levels, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), blood lipids, IGF-1, IGFBP-3, and IMT were measured.

Results

The results showed that total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, IGF-1, and IGFBP-3 levels were significantly higher in the most obese group than in the other two groups (tertiles). Muscular and cardiopulmonary fitness were negatively associated with weight, body mass index (BMI), fat mass, body fat, waist circumference (WC), fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and IMT. IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels were correlated with WC, hip circumference (HC), fasting glucose, TG, HDL-C, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR. IMT levels were significantly associated with weight, BMI, muscle mass, fat mass, percent body fat, WC, HC, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.

Conclusion

There was a significant association between increased obesity and decreased fitness and HOMA-IR, IGF, and IMT among adolescents.

Citations

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Effects of Walking and Physical Activity on Glucose Regulation among Type 2 Diabetics.: Yoonsuk Jekal, Mi Kyung Lee, Eun Sung Kim, Ji Hye Park, Hyun Ji Lee, Seung Jin Han, Eun Seok Kang, Hyun Chul Lee, So Hun Kim, Justin Y Jeon; Korean Diabetes J. 2008;32(1):60-67. Published online February 1, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4093/kdj.2008.32.1.60

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Physical activity, especially walking is strongly recommended to control blood glucose among type 2 diabetic patients. Furthermore, physical activity is one of the most important tools to prevent secondary diabetes complications among type 2 diabetic patients such as retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy etc. The purpose of the study was to examine the association between the level of walking and physical activity and glucose control among Korean adults with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: A total of 250 patients with type 2 diabetes (98 males and 152 females) were recruited (mean age = 62.1 +/- 10.2 years) in the current study. The height, weight, waist and hip circumference were measured, and the level of physical activity and total walking hour were measured by physical activity scale for elderly (PASE). High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), total cholesterol, triglyceride, fasting glucose and oral glucose tolerance test, creatinine, uric acid, total protein, albumin, hemoglobin A1c were measured. RESULTS: After adjusting for potential covariates such as age, education, occupation income, smoking, and drinking, male patients who spent least time in walking were more likely to have 2 hour serum glucose level in oral glucose tolerance above 200 mg/dL than counterparts who spent most time in walking with age adjusted (Relative Risk (RR) = 11.75, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.94-71.00). Male patients who were in the least active group were 5.92 time (95% CI = 1.39-25.28) more likely to have 2 hour serum glucose level in oral glucose tolerance over 200 mg/dL than counterparts in the most active group. However, there was no significant finding in females. CONCLUSIONS: The current study showed that physical activity and walking are effective method to maintain glucose tolerance among type 2 diabetic male patients.

Citations

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호남권 지역주민의 건강행태와 만성질환 관리현황
선아 김, 정은 이
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Yujin Lee, Jung-Hyun Kim
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Sang-A Kim, Woong-Sub Park, Su Jeong Yu, Young Ran Chae, Donghee Choi
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.2015; 16(11): 7589. CrossRef
Low Levels of Physical Activity Are Associated with Increased Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors in Korean Adults
Dong Hoon Lee, Yoon Myung Kim, Yoonsuk Jekal, Sukyung Park, Kyong-Chol Kim, Masayo Naruse, Sun Hyun Kim, Sang-Hwan Kim, Ji-Hye Park, Mi Kyung Lee, Sang Hui Chu, Justin Y. Jeon
Diabetes & Metabolism Journal.2013; 37(2): 132. CrossRef
Association between Obesity and Physical Fitness, and Hemoglobin A1c Level and Metabolic Syndrome in Korean Adults
Yoonsuk Jekal, Mi-Kyung Lee, Sukyung Park, Seung-Hwan Lee, Jun-Young Kim, Jung-Ui Kang, Masayo Naruse, Sang-Hwan Kim, Sun-Hyeon Kim, Sang Hui Chu, Sang-Hoon Suh, Justin Y Jeon
Korean Diabetes Journal.2010; 34(3): 182. CrossRef

Interleukin-6 polymorphism in Korean Obese and Type 2 Diabetic Subjects.: Jae Taek Kim, Seung Jin Choi, Mi Kyung Lee, Ae Ja Park, Yeon Sahng Oh, Soon Hyun Shin; Korean Diabetes J. 2001;25(5):337-342. Published online October 1, 2001

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Interleukin (IL)-6 is produced by many different cell types, including adipose tissue, and the release is greater in obese subjects. Recently, it has been reported that polymorphism in the 5' flanking region of the IL-6 gene may contribute to the insulin resistance and lipid abnormality. However, there are limited number of studies reported on the relationship between IL-6 polymorphism and insulin resistance syndrome. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the relationships among this polymorphism, obesity and diabetes in Korean subjects. METHODS: We examined a total of 177 Korean individuals, including 113 type 2 diabetic subjects. Sixty-three subjects were non-obese diabetics (age; 56.4+/-9.8 yr, body mass index (BMI); 22.5+/-1.7 kg/m2), 50 of them were obese diabetic subjects (age; 54.8+/-10.7 yr, BMI; 27.6+/-2.2 kg/m2), and 64 were overweight or obese subjects (age; 49.1+/-11.4 yr, BMI; 25.4 1.5 kg/m2). We evaluated IL-6 gene polymorphism using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS: There were 176 GG (99.4%), 1 GC (0.56%) and 0 CC (0%) individuals, and the allele frequencies were 99.7% for G and 0.28% for C. Allele frequencies of C in obese diabetic subjects were 1.02%. The frequency of C allele was substantially lower than that reported in Caucasian. CONCLUSION: This results suggest that the IL-6 polymorphism is not associated with obesity nor diabetes in Korean subjects.

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